Arch Linux 安装配置指南

1. Pre-installation

Set Timezone

Ensure your system time is correct before installation.

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

Disk Partitioning

We will use fdisk to create a GPT partition table with an EFI System Partition (ESP) and a Root partition.

Create Boot Partition (ESP)

fdisk /dev/sda
# In fdisk prompt:
# g     - Create a new empty GPT partition table
# n     - Add a new partition
# 1     - Partition number (default 1)
# 2048  - First sector (default)
# +512M - Last sector (size 512M)
# t     - Change partition type
# 1     - Select partition 1 (if asked)
# 1     - Set type to 'EFI System' (code 1 in fdisk for GPT)
# w     - Write changes

Format the ESP partition:

mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1

Create Root Partition

fdisk /dev/sda
# In fdisk prompt:
# n     - Add a new partition
#       - Partition number (default 2)
#       - First sector (default)
#       - Last sector (default, use remaining space)
# w     - Write changes

Format the Root partition:

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2

Mount Partitions

Mount the root partition to /mnt and the boot partition to /mnt/boot.

mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
mkdir -p /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot

Configure Mirror List

Edit /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist to use a fast mirror (e.g., Aliyun). Add the following line to the top of the file:

Server = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

2. Installation

Install Base System

Install the base system, development tools, kernel, and network manager.

pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux dhcpcd

Generate Fstab

Generate the fstab file to define how disk partitions should be mounted.

genfstab -L /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

Verify the content:

cat /mnt/etc/fstab

3. System Configuration

Chroot into New System

Change root into the new system.

arch-chroot /mnt

Set Timezone

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc

Install Essential Packages

Install common tools like vim, networkmanager, etc.

pacman -S vim dialog wpa_supplicant ntfs-3g networkmanager

Localization

Edit /etc/locale.gen and uncomment the following lines:

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_HK.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_TW.UTF-8 UTF-8

Generate locales:

locale-gen

Create /etc/locale.conf and set the LANG variable:

echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf

Network Configuration

Set the hostname (replace ArchLx with your desired hostname):

echo "ArchLx" > /etc/hostname

Edit /etc/hosts:

127.0.0.1   localhost
::1         localhost
127.0.1.1   ArchLx.localdomain  ArchLx

Set Root Password

passwd

Microcode (Intel CPU only)

If you are using an Intel CPU, install the microcode updates.

pacman -S intel-ucode

4. Bootloader Installation

We will use GRUB as the bootloader.

pacman -S os-prober ntfs-3g grub efibootmgr
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=grub
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

5. Finish

Exit the chroot environment and reboot.

exit
reboot