Manjaro 配置指南

Manjaro is a user-friendly Linux distribution based on the independently developed Arch operating system.

1. Post-Installation Configuration

Set Language

Add the following to your ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc file to set the system language to English (US).

export LANGUAGE=en_US.utf8
export LC_ALL=en_US.utf8
export LANG=en_US.utf8

Change Source Mirror

To improve download speeds, switch to a faster mirror (e.g., SJTU in China).

1. Update mirror list:

   sudo pacman -Syy
   sudo pacman-mirrors -i -c China -m rank
   sudo pacman -Syyu

2. Add Arch Linux CN repository:

   Edit /etc/pacman.conf and add the following lines:

   [archlinuxcn]
   SigLevel = Optional TrustedOnly
   Server = https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/archlinux-cn/$arch

3. Update and install keyring:

   sudo pacman -Syy && sudo pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring
   sudo pacman -Su

Configure Proxy for Pacman

If you are behind a proxy, configure pacman to use it.

Option 1: Using curl

Edit /etc/pacman.conf:

XferCommand = /usr/bin/curl -x http://127.0.0.1:8888 -C - -f %u --output %o

Option 2: Using wget

Edit /etc/pacman.conf:

XferCommand = /usr/bin/wget -e http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8888 --passive-ftp -c -O %o %u

Alternatively, configure wget globally:

1. Edit /etc/wgetrc:

   https_proxy = http://127.0.0.1:8888
   http_proxy = http://127.0.0.1:8888
   ftp_proxy = http://127.0.0.1:8888

2. Then update /etc/pacman.conf:

   XferCommand = /usr/bin/wget --passive-ftp -c -O %o %u

2. Software Installation

Install Common Dependencies

Install a set of commonly used development libraries and tools.

sudo pacman -S clang make cmake gdb c-ares cunit graphviz gnutls gmp expat curl autoconf automake icu libconfig libgcrypt pkgconf libssh2 libuv libxml2 libxml++ make ncurses nettle nodejs nodejs-material-design-icons openssh openssl pcre pcre2 postfix sqlite zlib wget tar git vim htop ncdu axel privoxy

Install Tmux

sudo pacman -S tmux

Tip

You can find a sample Tmux configuration file here.

Install and Configure Zsh

1. Install Zsh and Oh My Zsh:

   sudo pacman -S zsh zsh-lovers
   sh -c "$(wget https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"

2. Install Plugins and Themes:

   git clone https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/powerlevel10k
   git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

3. Configure ~/.zshrc:

   Add the following configuration to your ~/.zshrc:

   export TERM="xterm-256color"
   
   ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"
   #POWERLEVEL9K_MODE="nerdfont-complete"
   POWERLEVEL9K_PROMPT_ON_NEWLINE=true
   POWERLEVEL9K_LEFT_PROMPT_ELEMENTS=(os_icon user dir_writable dir vcs)
   POWERLEVEL9K_RIGHT_PROMPT_ELEMENTS=(status command_execution_time root_indicator background_jobs time disk_usage ram load)
   POWERLEVEL9K_MULTILINE_LAST_PROMPT_PREFIX="%(?:%{$fg_bold[green]%}➜ :%{$fg_bold[red]%}➜ )"
   POWERLEVEL9K_MULTILINE_FIRST_PROMPT_PREFIX=""
   POWERLEVEL9K_USER_ICON="\uF415" # <U+F415>
   POWERLEVEL9K_ROOT_ICON="\uF09C"
   POWERLEVEL9K_SUDO_ICON=$'\uF09C' # <U+F09C>
   POWERLEVEL9K_TIME_FORMAT="%D{%H:%M}"
   POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_GIT_ICON='\uF408'
   POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_GIT_GITHUB_ICON='\uF408'

Using System Zsh Configuration

If you chose Zsh during Manjaro installation, you can install the official Manjaro Zsh packages:

sudo pacman -S acpi awesome-terminal-fonts git mercurial powerline-fonts systemd manjaro-zsh-config zsh-autosuggestions zsh-completions zsh-history-substring-search zsh-lovers zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-theme-powerlevel9k

Then, enable the Powerlevel9k theme:

echo 'source /usr/share/zsh-theme-powerlevel9k/powerlevel9k.zsh-theme' >> ~/.zshrc

Install Fonts (FiraCode)

Install Nerd Fonts for better terminal icons.

wget https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/v2.1.0/FiraCode.zip
unzip FiraCode.zip
rm Fura*.otf
rm Fura*Windows*.ttf
sudo mkdir -p /usr/share/fonts/TTF
sudo mv Fura*.ttf /usr/share/fonts/TTF/
fc-cache -fv

Install Samba

Set up file sharing with Samba.

1. Install packages:

   sudo pacman -S samba gvfs-smb thunar-shares-plugin manjaro-settings-samba

2. Configure Samba:

   sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.orig
   sudo touch /etc/samba/smbpasswd
   sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

   Example smb.conf:

   [global]
       workgroup = WORKGROUP
       security = user
       netbios name = Manjaro
       hosts allow = 192.168.120.
       passdb backend = smbpasswd
       encrypt passwords = true
       smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd
       log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
       max open files = 1000
   
   [public]
       comment = Manjaro public
       path = /public
       valid users = lx
       writable = yes
       browseable = yes
       available = yes

3. Finalize setup:

   testparm
   sudo smbpasswd -a lx
   sudo systemctl enable smb nmb
   sudo systemctl start smb nmb
   sudo reboot

Install Aria2

Install Aria2 (example with version 1.35.0).

wget https://github.com/aria2/aria2/releases/download/release-1.35.0/aria2-1.35.0.tar.gz
tar zxf aria2-1.35.0.tar.gz
cd aria2-1.35.0
./configure --prefix=/public/software/aria2-1.35.0
make
make install

WebUI for Aria2

git clone git@github.com:ziahamza/webui-aria2.git
cd webui-aria2
/public/software/aria2-1.35.0/bin/aria2c --enable-rpc --rpc-listen-all
node node-server.js

3. Development Environment

Rust

1. Configure Mirrors:

   Add to ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc:

   export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static
   export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup

2. Install Rust:

   curl -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
   source $HOME/.cargo/env

3. Configure Cargo Mirror:

   Add to ~/.cargo/config:

   [source.crates-io]
   registry = "https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
   replace-with = 'ustc'
   [source.ustc]
   registry = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"

4. Install Tools (lsd & exa):

   cargo install lsd exa

Perl Packages

Install common Perl modules using cpan.

cpan -i Term::ReadLine::Perl
cpan -i Log::Log4perl
cpan -i Module::Build
cpan -i JSON
cpan -i Getopt::Long
cpan -i Parallel::ForkManager
cpan -i YAML::Any
cpan -i Date::Manip
cpan -i Math::BigFloat
cpan -i Math::Complex
cpan -i List::Util
cpan -i PAR::Packer

4. Input Methods (Optional)

Google Pinyin

sudo pacman -S fcitx-im fcitx-configtool fcitx-googlepinyin
vim ~/.xprofile

Add the following to ~/.xprofile:

export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"

Sogou Pinyin

sudo pacman -S fcitx-im fcitx-configtool fcitx-sogoupinyin
vim ~/.xprofile

Add the following to ~/.xprofile:

export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"

5. Tips & Tricks

Pacman Commands

Command	Description
pacman -S package_name	Install a package
pacman -S extra/package_name	Install a version from a specific repository
pacman -Syu	Update package database and upgrade system
pacman -Ss string	Search for a package in the database
pacman -Si package_name	Show detailed information about a package
pacman -Sc	Clear package cache (files in /var/cache/pacman/pkg)
pacman -Scc	Clear all cache files
pacman -R package_name	Remove a single package
pacman -Rs package_name	Remove a package and its unused dependencies
pacman -Qs string	Search for installed packages
pacman -Qi package_name	Show detailed information about an installed package
pacman -Ql package_name	List files owned by an installed package
pacman -U package.tar.zx	Install from a local file
pactree package_name	Show dependency tree of a package

Useful Software

# Google Chrome
sudo pacman -S google-chrome

# VS Code
sudo pacman -S visual-studio-code-bin

# NetEase Cloud Music
sudo pacman -S netease-cloud-music

# WPS Office
sudo pacman -S wps-office ttf-wps-fonts

# TeXLive
sudo pacman -S texlive-most texlive-langchinese texstudio

Electron-based Software

# ShadowsocksR client
sudo pacman -S electron-ssr

# Unofficial NetEase Cloud Music client
sudo pacman -S electron-netease-cloud-music

# WeChat client
sudo pacman -S electronic-wechat

# Microsoft Teams client
sudo pacman -S teams-for-linux

# Chinese handwriting IME
sudo pacman -S google-chinese-handwriting-ime-git

6. References

• Manjaro Homepage
• Manjaro Wiki
• Post-Installation Configuration (Chinese)
• Samba Configuration (Chinese)
• Arch Linux Wiki: Fonts
• Nerd Fonts
• Google Pinyin Installation (Chinese)